Ping and tracert are the commands used to send information to some remote computers to receive some information. Information is sent and received by packets. Ping is used to check if the system is in network or not. It also gives packet lost information. In windows ping command is written as ping ip _address.

Tracert is called as trace route. It is used to track or trace the path the packet takes from the computer where the command is given until the destination. In windows ping command is written as tracert ip_address .

Resource Reservation protocol is used to reserve resources across a network. It is used for requesting a specific Quality of Service (QoS) from the network. This is done by carrying the request (that needs a reservation of the resource) of the host throughout the network. It visits each node in the network.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used assigning IP addresses to computers in a network. The IP addresses are assigned dynamically. Certainly, using DHCP, the computer will have a different IP address every time it is connected to the network. In some cases the IP address may change even when the computer is in network. This means that DHCP leases out the IP address to the computer for some time. Clear advantage of DHCP is that the software can be used to manage IP address rather than the administrator.

In a domain, one or more computer can be a server to manage the network.

On the other hand in a workgroup all computers are peers having no control on each other.

In a domain, user doesn't need an account to logon on a specific computer if an account is available on the domain.

In a work group user needs to have an account for every computer.

In a domain, Computers can be on different local networks.

In a work group all computers needs to be a part of the same local network.

Internet Group Management Protocol: - It allows internet hosts to participate in multicasting. The IGMP messages are used to learn which hosts is part of which multicast groups. The mechanism also allow a host to inform its local router, that it wants to receive messages.