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21.
What is a major advantage of a denormalized database versus a normalized database?

The major advantage is improved performance.

22.
What are some major disadvantages of denormalization?

Having redundant and duplicate data takes up valuable space; it is harder to code, and much more data maintenance is required.

23.
How do you determine if data needs to be moved to a separate table when normalizing your database?

If the table has redundant groups of data, this data would be a candidate to remove into a separate table.

24.
What are the disadvantages of overnormalizing your database design?

Overnormalization can lead to excess CPU and memory utilization, which can put excess strain on the server.

25.
True or false: If you have committed several transactions, have several more transactions that have not been committed, and issue a ROLLBACK command, all your transactions for the same session are undone.

False. When a transaction is committed, the transaction cannot be rolled back.

26.
True or false: A SAVEPOINT command actually saves transactions after a specified number of transactions have executed.

False. A SAVEPOINT is used only as a point for a ROLLBACK to return to.

27.
Briefly describe the purpose of each one of the following commands: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

COMMIT saves changes made by a transaction. ROLLBACK undoes changes made by a transaction. SAVEPOINT creates logical points in the transaction to which to roll back.

28.
What are some differences in the implementation of transactions in Microsoft SQL Server?

SQL Server auto-commits statements unless specifically placed in a transaction and has a different syntax for SAVEPOINT. Also, it does not support the RELEASE SAVEPOINT command.

29.
When using several SAVEPOINT or SAVE TRANSACTION commands, can you rollback more than one?

No, a ROLLBACK will go back only to the first SAVEPOINT that you ask it to ROLLABACK to.

30.
Name the required parts for any SELECT statement.

The SELECT and FROM keywords, also called clauses, are required for all SELECT statements.