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46.
Can you have a nested transaction?

Yes, very much. Check out BEGIN TRAN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVE TRAN and @@TRANCOUNT

47.
What is a join and explain different types of joins.

Joins are used in queries to explain how different tables are related. Joins also let you select data from a table depending upon data from another table.

Types of joins: INNER JOINs, OUTER JOINs, CROSS JOINs. OUTER JOINs are further classified as LEFT OUTER JOINS, RIGHT OUTER JOINS and FULL OUTER JOINS.

48.
What is a correlated sub-query? How can these queries be useful?

The more seasoned developer will be able to accurately describe this type of query. A correlated sub-query is a special type of query containing a sub-query. The sub-query contained in the query actually requests values from the outside query, creating a situation similar to a loop.

49.
What is a performance consideration of having too many indexes on a production online transaction processing (OLTP) table?

You are looking for the applicant to make some reference regarding data manipulations. The more indexes on a table, the more time it takes for the database engine to update, insert, or delete data, as the indexes all have to be maintained as the data manipulation occurs.

50.
What does NULL mean?

The value NULL is a very tricky subject in the database world, so don't be surprised if several applicants trip up on this question.

The value NULL means UNKNOWN; it does not mean '' (empty string). Assuming ANSI_NULLS are on in your SQL Server database, which they are by default, any comparison to the value NULL will yield the value NULL