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31.
What would the command "ls -d /root" as a regular user give you as an output?

The command will give you an output of information on that specific directory (-d) this will help you understanding why you don't have access to the directory.

32.
What would be the result of the command "#reboot now"?

The "#" sign states a comment, therefore the command "reboot now" would be ignored.

33.
What would be the result of the command "!l" after running "ls" then "id" then "who"?

"!" will run the latest command matching "l*" therefore it will run "ls"

34.
What would be the result of type for?

For is a shell internal command therefore it will be detected as a shell keyword.

35.
How can you identify, using environment variables, which shell are you currently using?

The system holds your shell name in $SHELL and you can print it using echo $SHELL.