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41.
How's method overriding different from overloading?

When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.

42.
Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static?

No, you can't, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override..

43.
Can we override private virtual methods?

No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.

44.
Can we prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some other classes?

Yes, that's what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class WhateverBaseClassName. It's the same concept as final class in Java.

45.
Why can't we specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?

They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, it's public by default.