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11.
What is split horizon?
The rule of split horizon is that it is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which the original update came.
12.
What is convergence?
Convergence is when all routers have consistent knowledge and correct routing tables.
13.
What is route poisoning?
With route poisoning, when a distance vector routing protocol notices that a route is no longer valid, the route is advertised with an infinite metric, signifying that the route is bad. In RIP, a metric of 16 is used to signify infinity. Route poisoning is used with holddowns.
14.
What are hold-down timers?
Hold-down timers prevent regular update messages from reinstating a route that might have gone bad. Hold-down timers also tell routers to hold for a period of time any changes that might affect routes.
15.
What are triggered updates?
When a router notices that a directly connected subnet has changed state, it immediately sends another routing update out its other interfaces rather than waiting for the routing update timer to expire. Triggered updates are also known as Flash updates.
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